Unveiling the Ancestral Roots- The Monkey Ancestor Behind the Iconic Wukong
What monkey is Wukong based on? This question often arises among fans of Chinese mythology and literature, especially those familiar with the classic novel “Journey to the West.” Wukong, also known as the Monkey King, is one of the most iconic characters in Chinese folklore. Understanding the origins of this fascinating creature can provide deeper insight into the cultural and historical context of the story. In this article, we will explore the various theories and legends that have shaped Wukong’s identity as a monkey.
The most widely accepted theory about Wukong’s origin is that he is based on the real-life animal, the macaque. Macaques are a type of Old World monkey found in various parts of Asia, including China. Their physical appearance, social behavior, and agility are believed to have inspired the character of Wukong. In the novel, Wukong’s monkey-like features, such as his long tail and strong arms, are vividly described, reflecting the macaque’s characteristics.
Another theory suggests that Wukong is inspired by the historical figure of Sun Wukong, a legendary warrior from the Song Dynasty. Sun Wukong was said to have possessed extraordinary martial arts skills and was known for his bravery and loyalty. This connection may have contributed to the character’s strong sense of justice and his ability to fight against evil forces.
Furthermore, some scholars argue that Wukong’s monkey-like nature is a metaphor for the human soul. In traditional Chinese philosophy, the concept of the soul is closely linked to the idea of transformation and rebirth. As a monkey, Wukong embodies the essence of a human soul seeking enlightenment and redemption through his journey with the monk Tang Sanzang and his fellow travelers.
The novel “Journey to the West” was written during the Ming Dynasty, a period when Chinese society was deeply influenced by Buddhism. It is believed that Wukong’s monkey-like characteristics also reflect the Buddha’s teachings on the cycle of rebirth and the pursuit of enlightenment. The monkey symbolizes the struggle to break free from the cycle of samsara, the endless cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.
In addition to these theories, the character of Wukong has been influenced by various民间传说和神话故事。 For example, the “Monkey King’s Peach Banquet” is a popular tale that tells of Wukong inviting the gods to a feast using peaches from the heavens. This story highlights Wukong’s rebellious nature and his desire for power.
In conclusion, the question of what monkey Wukong is based on can be answered through a combination of real-life animals, historical figures, philosophical concepts, and folklore. The character of Wukong is a complex amalgamation of these elements, making him one of the most intriguing and enduring figures in Chinese mythology and literature. Understanding the various influences behind Wukong’s creation can help us appreciate the rich tapestry of Chinese culture and the timeless appeal of “Journey to the West.
