The Enigmatic Tale of Shiva as Nataraja- Unveiling the Mythic Dance of the Cosmic Dancer
What is the story behind Shiva as Nataraja? The Nataraja, or “Lord of the Dance,” is an iconic representation of Lord Shiva, one of the principal deities in Hinduism. This divine form of Shiva is not only a symbol of his cosmic dance but also embodies the concept of time, creation, preservation, and destruction. The story behind this enigmatic depiction of Shiva is steeped in Hindu mythology and spirituality, offering a profound understanding of the god’s role in the universe.
The origin of the Nataraja form can be traced back to the 5th century AD, during the Chola dynasty in South India. The story revolves around the cosmic dance of Shiva, which is believed to be the source of the universe’s creation, preservation, and destruction. According to Hindu mythology, Shiva performs this dance to destroy the universe and create a new one, ensuring the eternal cycle of creation and destruction.
One of the most famous legends associated with the Nataraja is the battle between Shiva and the demon Tripurasura. Tripurasura, a powerful demon, had created three cities made of gold, silver, and iron, which were invincible. The demon sought to establish his dominance over the world, causing immense suffering to the gods and humans. To defeat Tripurasura, Shiva danced upon him, causing the demon to be crushed under his feet. This victory symbolizes the triumph of good over evil and the restoration of cosmic order.
Another significant aspect of the Nataraja story is the representation of the cosmic dance itself. The dance is divided into four phases, each representing a different aspect of Shiva’s existence:
1. Tandava: This is the most powerful form of Shiva’s dance, where he destroys the universe. The Tandava is often depicted with Shiva’s lower body in a dynamic pose, symbolizing his strength and power.
2. Ananda Tandava: This phase represents the joy and bliss that Shiva experiences after destroying the universe. The Ananda Tandava is characterized by a more relaxed and serene posture.
3. Samhara Tandava: This phase signifies the preservation of the universe. Shiva’s dance in this phase is depicted as a slow and graceful movement, representing his role as the sustainer of life.
4. Nirvana Tandava: This final phase represents the destruction of the universe and the cycle of creation beginning anew. Shiva’s dance in this phase is intense and powerful, symbolizing his role as the ultimate destructor.
The Nataraja form also represents the eternal cycle of time. The fire (Agni) that burns at the bottom of the circular platform (Chakra) represents the eternal flame that sustains the universe. The crescent moon (Chandra) above Shiva’s head symbolizes the moon’s cycle, which governs the passage of time. The snake (Kundalini) coiled around Shiva’s waist represents the infinite energy that lies at the heart of the universe.
In conclusion, the story behind Shiva as Nataraja is a powerful and symbolic representation of the Hindu deity’s role in the universe. Through his cosmic dance, Shiva embodies the eternal cycle of creation, preservation, and destruction, ensuring the balance and harmony of the cosmos. The Nataraja form remains a profound and inspiring symbol of the divine, inviting devotees and artists to explore the depths of Hindu spirituality.
